In pioneering studies in plants, Snitrosylation was enforced using NO donors on protein extracts. More recent research has Moxalactam disodium focused on identifying endogenously S-nitrosylated proteins in unstressed plants and S-nitrosylation patterns in plants that are exposed to different stresses. Comparative analysis of the S-nitrosoproteome under control and stress conditions is an important tool to provide inML130 formation about the biological relevance of NO signaling upon various stress conditions. To date, no information is available regarding ozone-induced changes in the S-nitrosoproteome of plants. Although several studies describe the impact of acute ozone exposure on total proteomes of rice, soybean, wheat, and poplar, the issue of redox-linked protein modifications upon ozone has only been examined in two studies. Ozone exerts bi-functional effects on earth. While stratospheric ozone protects life from harmful ultraviolet radiation, tropospheric ozone is an air pollutant that can induce oxidative stress and cell death in plants causing considerable agricultural crop losses and damage in forest trees. Temporary exposure to ozone at a high-level, termed acute exposure induces changes in gene expression and protein activities often within minutes after the onset of the fumigation. It causes the formation of various reactive oxygen species in plant tissues, mainly superoxide anion, hydrogen peroxide and hydroxyl radicals, which can induce cell-death lesions in ozone-sensitive plants. This rapid accumulation of ROS upon acute ozone treatment resembles the oxidative burst after plant pathogen interactions. Concomitant with the oxidative burst upon acute ozone fumigation, an accumulation of NO is observed. It is thought that, in response to ozone, NO and ROS work synergistically to promote a defense response in plants, mimicking the hypersensitive response that occurs as a result of incompatible plant-pathogen interactions. Therefore, the fine-tuning of the NO/ROS balance is needed. Poplar is the model system for woody plants as its relatively small genome was the first to be sequenced.