As we anticipated, the results are quite compatible to that of previous studies and, explore new insights of factors. Medical devices are examples for us to review the role in predicting HAI. The study revealed the differences, with or without presence of these devices as main parameters. No matter how much information is available, we can accurately predict HAI with simple parameters. We have also found the factors that proved to be significant than the HAI by medical devices alone. Ample evidence shows that invasive devices contribute to the occurrence of HAI, interestingly, NG tube being less invasive but contribute more that the odds ratio ranks first in this study. NG tube feeding is known to be a significant cause of aspiration pneumonia in critical patients due to the gastroesophageal reflux of bacteriologically contaminated gastric contents and subsequent microaspiration of these contents to the lower airways. The NG tube in ventilated patients is partially responsible for reflux and has been recognized as a risk factor for nosocomial pneumonia. Patients on hemodialysis are at particular risk for HAIs because of frequent hospital admissions and numerous comorbid conditions such as uremic toxicity, and anemia of chronic renal failure. All pre-existing conditions contribute to an immunocompromised state, and patients on hemodialysis are frequently exposed to invasive devices, especially vascular access. Study shows that a greater index of comorbidity was significantly associated with HAIs among the chronic hemodialysis population. Urinary tract infection was the most common infection in this study because although UTI may present with decreased urine output, the clinical suspicion of oliguria as UTI is understandably low in patients on dialysis. Bloodstream infection is another major cause of morbidity in patients receiving hemodialysis. Hemodialysis access through arteriovenous fistula was associated with the lowest risk for BSI. The relative risk for infection was 2.5 with arteriovenous graft access, 15.5 with cuffed and tunneled CVC access, and 22.5 with uncuffed CVC access in a Canadian study. A large scale epidemiologic survey showed that all the protocol of stress ulcer prophylaxis exhibits increased risk of pneumonia in ICU patients. It is considered to be the effect of increase in gastric pH in association with an increased risk of VAP. However, evidence suggests that only VAP was related to the use of stress ulcer prophylaxis. Our result is compatible to major studies indicating the AbMole 2,3-Dichloroacetophenone impact of stress ulcer prophylaxes on the AbMole D-Pantothenic acid sodium incidence of HAIs. The use of glucocorticosteroids is correlated to HAI, mostly with pneumonia being the most common. The host is susceptible to increased risk of infection due to immunosuppressive effect of steroids involving release of cytokines and other anti-inflammatory mediators. In our study, we found that systemic steroidal therapy plays an important role in contributing HAIs, and was compatible with other studies.