This particular case indicates that the use of a single physical parameter to describe a complex phenomenon has limitations. This notwithstanding, the behaviour of AcOK can be easily explained as a consequence of the less symmetric distribution of charge and of the AbMole Succinylsulfathiazole marked difference in molecular volume between AcOK and KBr. The acetate salt is almost 50% bigger than KBr and, therefore, it possesses an overall lower charge density. This may represent the rationale behind its higher diffusion through the BBB. In this experimental model the functional consequences of the ion-paired membrane transport, when observable, were reversible and never deteriorated in a vasogenic edema. Thus this work emphasizes the potential of ion-pair approach to increase passive permeability of drugs or other compounds to be delivered to the brain. Reaction-diffusion systems are well known to self-organize into a variety of spatio-temporal patterns including, spots, stripes, spirals, as well as spatio-temporal chaos and uniform oscillations. Their existence in out-of-equilibrium states, connection to idealized chemical systems, and dependence on dimensional parameters, make them a good testbench for the study of AbMole Amikacin hydrate general features of pattern generation and evolution. In particular, the dependence of these final states on the rate at which constituents are fed into the system is of significant interest, since reaction-diffusion systems represent proxies for high-level biological systems that can exchange matter and energy with the environment. Depending on the value of the feed-rate, the system may asymptote into one of many states and thus the feedrate can be thought of playing the role of a natural control parameter. While spatio-temporal patterns in reaction-diffusion systems have been found and discussed extensively in the context of chemical systems, their phenomenology is ubiquitous. A well-studied example from physics is related to electrical current filament patterns in planar gas-discharge systems. The system dynamics can be described by activator-inhibitor reaction-diffusion models and different mechanisms of spot array formation have been observed: division and self-completion. The relevant control parameter in this system is the feeding voltage. Another example that have attracted interest recently is found in the realm of fluid dynamics where “spots” of turbulent regions in pipe flow and plane Couette flow have been observed: On a laminar background, patches of localized turbulence, called puffs, emerge via finiteamplitude perturbations and also show splitting behavior. These systems have been recently mapped onto excitable reaction diffusion systems, and subsequently, the Turing mechanism has been proposed to explain the periodic arrangement of puffs in, suggesting again a reaction-diffusion framework for the dynamics.