Our Ang II experiments showed that Ang II markedly aggravated the already-present cardiac fibrosis. We used Ang II as a stimulus to further induce vascular dysfunction. The sympathetic nervous system and renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system act synergistically to elevate or maintain blood pressure. Ang II signaling plays a critical role in modulating many of the stimuli and signals that govern arterial aging, arterial structural, and vascular functional and adaptational responses. Ang II also potentiated the chronotropic Famotidine response to a1A-AR-AB, whereas phenylephrine infusion, as reported by Patel et al, did not. Limitations in our study are the fact that we did not include a long-term treated control group, namely immunized rats producing a1A-AR-AB treated with chronic a1-AR blocker therapy. An additional desirable control group could consist of chronic phenylephrine infusion. Acute infusion experiments could elucidate the issue of baroreceptor reflex blood pressure Azathioprine buffering capacity or resetting that remains unanswered from our study. However, our acute experiments showed that the effects of a1A-AR-AB could be blocked pharmacologically. Chronic experiments could have allowed us to speculate with greater confidence on a possible role of a1-AR blockade to alleviate diastolic heart dysfunction and remodeling. Cold stress is commonly defined as the low temperature range that is adequate to alter growth without stopping cellular processes. Cold greatly influences seed germination, and consequently induces a reduction in germination rate and a delay in the initiation of the germination and seedling establishment. Thus, it is worthwhile to clarify the physiological mechanisms of poor seed germination caused by cold stress and to develop reasonable strategies to alleviate the adverse effects of cold on seed germination thereby plants establishment on low temperature environment, especially at high altitude. Cold is one of severe environmental stresses that disrupts the metabolic balance of cells, resulting in membrane damage, reduction of cellular respiration, and production of reactive oxygen species. In plants, the antioxidant enzymes are important defense systems to detoxify ROS.