Little progress has been made toward the treatment of infected individuals and the development of more efficient drugs to treat Chagas disease patients Ethynodiol diacetate remains urgent. Considering the resistance of some parasites to chemotherapy, the introduction of vaccines against T. cruzi could be another option. T. cruzi is capable of resisting high doses of gamma radiation, enduring up to 1.5 kGy. As a direct biological effect, gamma radiation causes double-strand breaks in the Triclabendazole parasite DNA. However, 48 hours after irradiation, it is possible to see the chromosomal bands already restored. The parasite growth arrests for up to 120 hours, returning to the normal rate after this period. This extraordinary recovery might be due to a very efficient DNA repair system. Homologous recombination is required to repair DNA DSBs and the involvement of the TcRAD51 protein in this process was evaluated by our group elsewhere. The overexpression of TcRAD51 ensures a more effective DSB DNA repair and a greater resistance to DNA damage in T. cruzi. Oxidative stress is another effect of ionizing radiation due to the production of hydroxyl radicals, superoxide, and hydrogen peroxide, directly from radiolysis of water. These products are commonly called reactive oxygen species. Once the DNA molecule is intimately associated with water, the production of OHN results in damages that include, apart from DSBs, oxidation of nitrogenous bases and sugar. Approximately 75�C80% of the biological damage caused by this type of radiation is mediated by OHN formation. Such radicals are capable of reacting with most biologically relevant molecules. Each amino acid reacts differently with OHN and the precise mechanisms of reaction are poorly understood. Considering that ionizing radiation also induces protein damage through oxidative stress, a protected functional proteome ensures an efficient cell recovery from this type of stress. Using the classical proteomic approach of two-dimensional differential gel electrophoresis coupled with mass spectrometry, Basu & Apte observed in a time-course analysis that some classes of proteins have a strong influence on stress responses.