According to the amyloid cascade hypothesis, the primary pathogenesis in AD arises from the formation

However, transgene homozygous seeds can be obtained via several rounds of crossing and selection and transgene can then be passed to future generations without segregation via conventional seeds. This has been widely studied and documented in different plant species including alfalfa. Use of artificial seeds which are directly derived from transgenic plants for plant propagation can bypass the traditional breeding process and transgene can be genetically passed to next generation and progenies without segregation. This study has demonstrated this. Indeed, transgene can be passed to progenies indefinitely by artificial seeds. As such, the inheritance of transgene in progeny via conventional breeding was not studied in this report, especially it has been well studied previously. Artificial seed development is an important as well as a complicated biological process which includes acquisition of desiccation tolerance, significant dehydration, life dominancy and survival of harsh environment and conditions, resuming of various biological programs, and recovery of life processes. It involves in various biochemistry and physiology changes in plants. Although artificial seeds have been reported in various plant species, still, this biological process has not been developed in many other plants because somatic embryos cannot survive dehydration. This indicates the function of many genes have lost during artificial seed development. Thus, studying transgene genetics, especially physical status and the function of transgene in plants developed from artificial seeds is of importance. This study for the first time shows that transgene can be well and stably preserved and transgene expression can be faithfully retained in progenies developed from artificial seeds in a plant species. As no transgene segregation occurs as in true seeds of F1 plants, all of the somatic embryos produced from transgenic plants contain the transgene. Thus the time and labor to select transgenic seeds from F1 plants is not necessary. The dried transgenic somatic embryos containing the new genes and proteins can be easily transported to other locations when needed. In addition, somatic embryo production is much faster compared to seeds and somatic embryos can also be produced in much larger quantity compared to seeds. These features can be useful in various aspects. This research provides a novel and useful technology to produce and maintain transgenic materials for research use.It should be noted that the control mice were not very impaired in their performance. Thus, the lack of significant changes in the CR group compared to the control group may be in part due to a “floor” effect. Furthermore, the CR groups showed a higher level of variation in learning the water maze task between animals. It is of interest to note that the control mice performed better than other groups of these APPSwDI mice of similar age we have tested. It is possible that the increased handling of the mice, by twice weekly weighing and chocolate pellet feeding, reduced their stress levels and thereby improved their performance.