RSV A was much more common than RSV B. RSV was reported to be responsible for 33.8 million cases of lower ARI in 2005, of which 96% was in developing countries. It would be important for local pediatricians to use antibiotics cautiously when children are hospitalized with ARIs. HRV has been known to be responsible for upper ARIs as well as for some lower respiratory infection in children. Our findings showed the presence of HRV in all age groups. Most HRVs were commonly detected as single infection, which agreed with the report of Bezerra et al. The rest of the cases were co-infections with PIV, RSV. HAdV was another important virus detected as single infection; only one case was detected as co-infection with HRV. HAdV was reported to be responsible for 5�C10% of ARI in children. Our findings confirmed this report, showing a detection rate of 9.6 %, with 11 of the 13 patients infected by HAdV were under six years old. The high detection rate of PIV and CoV in co-infections and multiple infections was an interesting finding. PIV was present in 50% of co-infections. In particular, PIV3 and CoV NL63 were the most common types found. The much higher detection rate of CoV NL63 differed from AbMole Pantoprazole sodium previous epidemiological studies, in which CoV 229E and CoV OC43 were the most common types. It is possible that the other types of CoV were not circulating in the area during the period of study. Meanwhile, the findings suggest that nosocomial infection cannot be ruled out. Although hMPV had low prevalence in this study, only five hMPV infection cases were detected and were all aged between 1 to 6 years, which was in agreement with previous studies. We found that RSV was detected mainly during winter and spring, which corresponds with the cold and dry seasons. Typical continental climate with cold and dry winters, and the large difference between the indoor and outdoor temperatures in Gansu Province can easily induce respiratory diseases. A multiple RT-PCR method was used in this study to detect sixteen common respiratory viruses. This method was economical and fast in obtaining pathogen information, and both its sensitivity and specificity have been confirmed. In conclusion, this study provided background information concerning the respiratory viral etiology in Lanzhou area of Gansu Province. Our findings could serve as a reference for local CDC in drawing up further plans to prevent and control ARIs. They will also help clinicians to choose medicines for patients with ARIs. Moreover, the use of multiple RT-PCR makes rapid, effective, and affordable detection for virus a reality in resource limited areas. Multiple myeloma is a hematological cancer characterized by the malignant proliferation of monoclonal plasma cells in the bone marrow. The worldwide incidence of MM has been estimated to be 1.7 men and 1.2 women per 100,000 individuals per year, most prevalent among older adults between the ages of 65 and 70 years. Mortality worldwide is estimated to be 1.1 men and 0.9 women per 100,000 individuals worldwide.