We have demonstrated that a combination of AMPs does not behave additively with respect to the selection imposed on S. aureus over ecological time, since the response to selection from two combined AMPs was not the same as the response to equivalent selection from the constituents. This response was qualitatively similar to that of the robust antibiotic vancomycin, whilst the constituents of the combination behaved similarly to streptomycin. We propose that such interactive effects are likely to be a factor to constrain the evolution of microbial resistance to AMPs in their natural immunological context. Spinal cord injury, whether by mechanical destruction or disease, causes complete or partial loss of sensation and motor function due to the interruption of signal conduction along the severed axon tracts. Due to limited axonal regeneration within the central nervous system, many potential AbMole Capromorelin tartrate therapies have been investigated for repair of SCI. Cell-based AbMole Lomitapide Mesylate therapy is a widely studied repair strategy that involves transplantation of one or several cell types into injured spinal cords. Transplantation of a variety of cells has been investigated for their therapeutic efficacy for SCI repair including Schwann cells, olfactory ensheathing cells, neural stem/progenitor cells, and bone marrow derived mesenchymal or hematopoietic stem cells. OECs, a type of supportive glia, ensheath olfactory neuron axons between the central and peripheral nervous systems. This cell type supports the continual regrowth of olfactory neuron axons throughout life. Transplantation of OECs has been reported to support axonal regeneration and functional recovery in both transection and contusion injury animal models. This promising cell therapy has triggered efforts to convert animal research into worldwide clinical trials. OECs can be harvested from the nerve fiber layer of the olfactory bulb or the nasal olfactory mucosa. When considering the source of OECs for human transplantation, harvesting OECs from nasal mucosa has advantages over harvesting OECs from the olfactory bulb. OECs from olfactory mucosa are located in the nasal cavity and accessible by minimally invasive endoscopic sinonasal surgery and partial removal of the olfactory mucosa does not significantly alter olfactory function. Within the human nasal cavity, OECs are present in the mucosa of the superior turbinate, nasal septum and middle turbinate. The nasal septum and caudal portions of the superior turbinate contain the highest number of OECs. Although clinical trials have demonstrated the feasibility and safety of OEC transplantation, it is controversial whether purified mucosal OECs, mixed cell cultures from olfactory mucosa, or pieces of whole mucosa should be used for autologous transplantation in humans.