In mouse model for Prader-Willi syndrome, a rare disease with blunted breathing responses to CO2/pH, neonates have excess of 5-HT in the medulla and reduced breathing response to CO2/pH. In mouse model for the Central Congenital Hypoventilation Syndrome, the respiratory responses to pH are abolished, the number of 5-HT neurons is normal but NVP-BKM120 nothing has been reported about 5-HT metabolism yet. The intracellular aggregation of polypeptides is a pathogenic feature of cellular degeneration in many human degenerative disorders. Intracellular protein aggregates are formed when misfolded polypeptides accumulate in the cells due to malfunctioning or overloading of the protein quality control machinery or of the components of the degradative pathway. Many diseaseassociated protein aggregates are composed of filaments known as amyloid fibrils. Amyloid fibrils bind to Thioflavin T and Congo red due to their repetitive intermolecular b-sheet architecture. It has been shown that the ability to selfassemble into amyloid-like structures is not an unusual feature exhibited by a reduced set of disease-associated molecules with special sequence or structural properties, but rather a property shared by many polypeptides. In addition, the formation of amyloid-like aggregates in living cells is not restricted to animals but has also been observed in fungi and bacteria. Although the formation of amyloids by plant pathogenic bacteria in infected leaves has been recently reported, to the best of our knowledge, the formation of amyloid-like deposits in plants by plant-encoded proteins has not been described yet. The ability to genetically modify plants has allowed the bioproduction of heterologous proteins. In the last decade, plants have become an alternative source for the cost effective production of recombinant polypeptides for therapeutics in animal and human health and diagnostics. The chloroplasts of higher plants are bounded by two envelope membranes that surround an aqueous matrix, the stroma, and the internal photosynthetic membranes, the thylakoids. In chloroplast transformation, and differing from nuclear transformation. The flanking sequences of the transformation vector, homologous to the plastid genome, direct the transgene to a specific and unique location without gene silencing, permitting the expression of the desired protein into the chloroplast without needing many generations of gene selection. Transglutaminases catalyse post-translational modification of structural proteins by establishing e- links and covalent conjugation of polyamines. These proteins are widely distributed in bacteria, animals and plants. Human TGase has been associated to the progression of several neurodegenerative diseases.