In humans, graft union at the host bone is a slow process. The effectiveness of this procedure is dependent upon the healing time and type of graft integration. The larger the amount of bone to be replaced, the more difficult is the integration. This process may involve only 20% of the graft over 5 years, as shown by studies on retrieved allografts. The allograft is also far from being an “ideal” option for bone reconstruction because of the risk of triggering host immune responses and their lack of osteogenic capacity. To overcome these shortcomings in bone grafts, scientists have attempted to develop a bone construct using the “traditional triad” of tissue engineering, structured scaffolding, and the application of miscellaneous growth factors. The purpose of each component of these building blocks is to replicate the intrinsic properties of autograft reconstructions. However, the strength of scaffolds used in the engineering of bone tissue is not suitable to meet clinical requirements, and restoring the shape of the mandible is difficult. Some scholars have suggested that the immunogenicity of freeze-dried bone allografts can be removed. Such allografts contain several osteoinductive growth factors have the potential for multilineage differentiation, and can differentiate into cells with an osteogenic phenotype. Several studies have shown that MSCs can promote osteogenesis in vivo. These cells can propagate in vitro into the large numbers needed to promote regeneration of injured tissue. MSCs are currently being used in preclinical studies to Alprostadil regenerate bone in Nodakenin patients with massive bone defects. Here, we employed a tissue-engineering approach to promote the reconstruction of hemi-mandibular defects using mandibular allografts as scaffolds and MSCs as seed cells. The aim of this study was to find out whether this approach can be conducted. This study demonstrated the successful reconstruction of beagle hemi-mandibular defects with allogenic mandibular scaffolds and autologous mesenchymal stem cells. The engineering of bone tissue requires three factors: scaffolds, seed cells, and growth factors. Studies have shown that bone induction is the main healing method after bone allografting. Bone induction is that allogenic bone in the form of scaffolds can induce stem cells surrounding the bone to be converted into osteoblasts and gradually result in osteogenesis. There are several advantages in using allogenic bone as scaffolds for the reconstruction of mandibular defects. These materials have structural similarities to host bone and are available in various shapes and sizes for mandibular defects. Also, as with autologous bone grafts, they can be incorporated into surrounding bone over time through “creeping substitution”. Most importantly, obtaining allografts does not require killing host structures. Using an allogenic mandible as a scaffold for tissue engineering can be monitored with simple panoramic imaging as well as CT because of its similar density and porosity to natural bone. Regarding seed cells, human bone marrow contains stem cells that can differentiate. Mesenchymal stem cells have the potential for multilineage differentiation, and can differentiate into cells with an osteogenic phenotype. Several studies have shown that MSCs can promote osteogenesis in vivo. These cells can propagate in vitro into the large numbers needed to promote the regeneration of injured tissue. BMPs have unique osteoinductive proprieties.